МЕТААНАЛИЗ ВЛИЯНИЯ ВЫСОКОИНТЕНСИВНЫХ ИНТЕРВАЛЬНЫХ ТРЕНИРОВОК НА ФИЗИЧЕСКОЕ ЗДОРОВЬЕ СТУДЕНТОВ ВУЗОВ

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm260115

Аннотация

Цель: данное исследование направлено на оценку и сравнение влияния высоко­интенсивных интервальных тренировок (ВИИТ) и постоянной тренировки средней интенсивности (ПТСИ) на физическое здоровье студентов посредством метаанализа и эмпирического исследования. Материалы и методы. Всего было отобрано 515 исследований из различных баз данных: 108 –
из Китайской национальной инфраструктуры знаний (CNKI), 129 – из Web of Science, 63 – из Scopus, 164 – из Google Scholar и 51 – из Elibrary.ru. После сужения критериев осталось 178 исследований. После проверки заголовков и аннотаций с исключением нерелевантных или дублирующихся работ 53 статьи были отобраны для полного текстового анализа. В итоге 15 исследований соответствовали критериям включения в метаанализ. Результаты. Результаты метаанализа показали, что по сравнению с ПТСИ, ВИИТ оказывала статистически значимое влияние на показатель ИМТ у студенток (SMD = –0,47, I² = 0 %, p < 0,01), в то время как значимого влияния на показатель ИМТ у студентов мужского пола не выявлено (SMD = –0,20, I² = 10,04 %, p = 0,05). ВИИТ оказывала статистически значимое влияние на результат бега на 1000 м у студентов мужского пола (SMD = –0,90, I² = 25,30 %, p < 0,01), а также значимое влияние на результат бега на 800 м у студенток (SMD = –0,59, I² = 0 %, p < 0,01). Она оказывала статистически значимое влияние на результат спринта на 50 м как у студентов мужского пола (SMD = –0,79, I² = 0 %, p < 0,01), так и у студенток (SMD = –0,64, I² = 30,75 %, p < 0,01). Кроме того, ВИИТ оказывала статистически значимое влияние на результат стоячего прыжка в длину у студентов мужского пола (SMD = 0,78, I² = 26,69 %, p < 0,01) и у студенток (SMD = 0,71, I² = 0 %, p < 0,01). Заключение. ВИИТ была значительно эффективнее ПТСИ в улучшении показателей ИМТ, результатов бега на 1000 м, бега на 800 м, спринта на 50 м и стоячего прыжка в длину. Учитывая гендерные различия в тренировочных эффектах, рекомендуется, чтобы участники вносили соответствующие корректировки в выбор тренировки для максимального повышения уровня здоровья и спортивных результатов.

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