ВЛИЯНИЕ ТРЕНИРОВОК, ИМИТИРУЮЩИХ СОРЕВНОВАНИЯ, НА ГАЗОВЫЙ СОСТАВ АРТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ КРОВИ У ФУТБОЛИСТОВ

PDF

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm250209

Аннотация

Цель: изучить воздействие физической нагрузки, аналогичной футбольному матчу, на газовый состав артериальной крови у молодых футболистов с использованием теста Бангсбо. Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняли участие игроки команды колледжа физической культуры университета Ти-Кар в возрасте 252,64 ± 2,17 мес., со средним ростом 172,667 ± 2,944 см и средним весом 68,465 ± 2,46 кг. Забор крови для анализа осуществляли до и после нагрузки. В исследовании использовали тест Бангсбо, продолжительность которого обеспечивает энергетический обмен в рамках аэробной энергетической системы, которая является основной энергетической системой в футболе. Результаты. Результаты анализа газового состава крови продемонстрировали снижение концентрации всех газов в крови после теста, снижение уровня бикарбоната в артериальной крови, увеличение уровня лактата и пониженные значения pH. Заключение. На основании полученных результатов исследования можно сделать вывод о важности развития аэробной выносливости в ходе тренировок для предотвращения снижения концентрации газов в артериальной крови и обеспечения доставки газов к работающим мышцам на уровне, максимально близком к нормальному.

Литература

1. Abu El-Ala M.A. Lactic acid accumulation during exercise: Mechanisms and implications. Journal of Sports Sciences, 1985, vol. 3 (2), pp. 123–135. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640418508729745.
2. Al-lami W.A.H. The effect of lactic acid concentration on the performance of men's middle-distance runners. Journal of Dhi Qar University for Physical Education Sciences, 2024, vol. 2 (1), pp. 74–81.
3. Bangsbo J. Science and Soccer (2nd ed.). London: Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2003.
4. Bangsbo J. The Physiology of Soccer: With Special Reference to Intense Intermittent Exercise. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 1994, vol. 151, suppl. 619, pp. 88–97.
5. Beaver W.L., Wasserman K., Whipp B.J. Bicarbonate buffering of lactic acid generated during exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1986, vol. 60 (2), pp. 472–478. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.60.2.472.
6. Conhaim R.L., Staub N.C. Reflection spectrophotometric measurement of O2 uptake in pulmonary arterioles of cats. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1980, vol. 48 (5), pp. 848–856. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1980.48.5.848.
7. Dempsey J.A., Hanson P.G., Henderson K.S. Exercise-induced arterial hypoxaemia in healthy human subjects at sea level. Journal of Physiology, 1984, vol. 355, pp. 161–175. Available at: https://doi.org/ 10.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015412.
8. Dempsey J.A., Wagner P.D. Exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1999, vol. 87 (6), pp. 1997–2006. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.87.6.1997.
9. Eroğlu H. The effect of acute aerobical exercise on arterial blood oxygen saturation of athletes. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 2018, vol. 6 (9a), pp. 74–79. Available at: https://doi.org/ 10.11114/jets.v6i9a.3562.
10. Eshiev A., Alshuwaili H., Usonuulu Z., et al. Efficiency of using track and field in physical education training for senior schoolchildren. Journal of Physical Education and Sport (JPES), 2025, vol. 25 (2), pp. 269–276. Available at: https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2025.02030.
11. Guyton A.C., Hall J.E. Textbook of Medical Physiology, 9th ed. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1996, pp. 510–515.
12. Hirakoba K. Effect of respiratory acidosis on the increase in ventilation during exercise in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology, 2002, vol. 92 (6), pp. 2401–2408. Available at: https://doi.org/ 10.1152/japplphysiol.01106.2001.
13. Hopkins S.R. Exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia: The role of ventilation-perfusion inequality and pulmonary diffusion limitation. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 2006, vol. 588, pp. 17–30. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34817-9_3.
14. Hopkins S.R., Belzberg A.S., Wiggs B.R., McKenzie D.C. Pulmonary transit time and diffusion limitation during heavy exercise in athletes. Respiratory Physiology, 1996, vol. 103 (1), pp. 67–73. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-5687(95)00028-3.
15. Hopkins S.R., McKenzie D.C., Schoene R.B., Robertson H.T. Pulmonary gas exchange during exercise in athletes. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1997, vol. 82 (3), pp. 838–846.
16. Kelman G.R. Digital computer subroutine for the conversion of oxygen tension into saturation. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1966, vol. 21 (4), pp. 1375–1376. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1152/ jappl.1966.21.4.1375.
17. Kudryavtsev M., Alshuwaili H., Kopylov Y., et al. Distinctive characteristics of physical, technical, and functional fitness in young football players with varied levels of speed development. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 2024, vol. 24 (1), pp. 75–81. Available at: https://doi.org/10.7752/ jpes.2024.01010.
18. Mairbäurl H. Red blood cell function in hypoxia at altitude and exercise. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2007, vol. 28 (1), pp. 51–63. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1021020.
19. Mairbäurl H. Red blood cells in sports: Effects of exercise and training on oxygen supply by red blood cells. Frontiers in Physiology, 2013, vol. 4, p. 332. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/ fphys.2013.00332.
20. Mairbäurl H., Humpeler E., Schwaberger G., Pessenhofer H. Training-dependent changes of red cell density and erythrocytic oxygen transport. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1983, vol. 55 (5), pp. 1403–1407. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1983.55.5.1403.
21. McArdle W.P., Katch F.I., Katch V.L. Blood Lactate Accumulation. Essentials of Exercise Physiology. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, U.S.A. 2000. 127 p.
22. Owais M.A. Sports Training Theory and Practice. Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, Cairo. 2000. 169 p.
23. Özdal M. The Effects of Lactic Acid Accumulation on Muscle Performance and pH Levels During and After Exercise. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 2000, vol. 40 (3), pp. 225–232.
24. Riley R.L. Pulmonary gas exchange in exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 1994, vol. 26 (9), pp. 1097–1103. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199409000-00006.
25. Rice A.J., Scroop G.C., Thornton A.T. Pulmonary gas exchange during exercise in highly trained cyclists. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 1999, vol. 79 (4), pp. 353–357. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s004210050515.
26. Stickland M.K., Lovering A.T. Exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia: Role of the pulmonary system. Journal of Applied Physiology, 2013, vol. 115 (5), pp. 584–593. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00454.2013.
27. Scheid P., Piiper J. Diffusion. In R.G. Crystal, J.B. West, P.J. Barnes, E.R. Weibel (Eds.). The lung: Scientific foundations (2nd ed.). Lippincott-Raven, 1997, pp. 1681–1690.
28. Scheid P., Piiper J. Diffusion of gases in the respiratory tract. Respiratory Physiology II, 1977, vol. 14, pp. 129–165. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66727-1_6.
29. Stickland M.K., Lovering A.T. Exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia: Role of the pulmonary system. Journal of Applied Physiology, 2013, vol. 115 (5), pp. 584–593. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00454.2013.
30. Wagner P.D. Diffusion and chemical reaction in pulmonary gas exchange. Physiological Reviews, 1977, vol. 57 (2), pp. 257–312. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1977.57.2.257.
31. Warren G.L., Cureton K.J., Middendorf W.F., et al. Red blood cell pulmonary capillary transit time during exercise in athletes. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 1991, vol. 23 (12), pp. 1353–1361. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199112000-00006.
32. Wasserman K., Beaver W.L., Whipp B.J. (). Mechanisms and patterns of blood lactate in-crease during exercise in man. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 1986, vol. 18 (3), pp. 344–352. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198606000-00017.